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Guatemala: History | People

Guatemala The Republic of Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the northwest, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast.The most populous nation in Central America , Guatemala is best known for its historical role as a major seat of Pre-Columbian cultures, particularly the Mayans . Numerous sites of major archaeological significance have been discovered, including the ruins of the ancient city of Tikal . The abundance of sites helps supply the nation with a healthy stream of tourists (1.5 million in 2006).

Guatemala is also home to several volcanoes, some of which can be climbed even though they are still active. Other than tourism, Guatemala 's economy depends largely upon agriculture, with coffee and sugar among its main exports.

Guatemala is a representative democracy with its capital at Guatemala City. Although the nation has been relatively stable since 1996, Guatemala 's recent history has been plagued by civil war and military coups, which have slowed the nation's development. Large portions of Guatemala 's interior remain entirely undeveloped, including the nation's many rainforests and wetlands . Guatemala 's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica 's designation as an important biodiversity hotspot.

Everyone who has visited Guatemala knows about the great cultural and ecological heritage. There are several volcano's, Mayan temples and elegant colonial cities to be discovered. But behind this wealth there are many living in poverty, especially the indigenous people. Wealth is very unevenly divided: the country is one of the poorest in Latin-America with the richest elite. One of the biggest problems is unequal division of land, as a minority of the population owns most of fertile land. In all respects the poor people are being discriminated against. The consequences are that they are less healthy, have less food, enjoy less education, have less money and, therefore, have less opportunities. |top

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